see also Explanatory Note 4.593 ff.).Ĥ0 Dobson believes that the "end of England" refers to the Welsh borders (see Explanatory Note to 4.916 ff.).Ĥ1 See the headnote to Part Six in the Explanatory Notes.Ĥ2 For a summary of dates based on linguistic and paleographical criteria, see Millett's introduction to her excellent annotated bibliography, pp. Hope Emily Allen argued that AW was written for three sisters, Emma, Gunilda, and Christina, enclosed in an anchorhold at Kilburn, sometime between 11 ("The Origin"), while Dobson identified them as three women enclosed at Deerfold near Limebrook Priory ( Origins, pp. lxxx-lxxxii).ģ8 Scholars have attempted to identify these three sisters. Wada suggests that this passage is not necessarily a survival from the original text of AW and compares it carefully to the other truncated versions, suggesting that the Nero passage may be an expansion (pp. An article based on this paper is forthcoming).ģ6 For a description of the various versions see the "List of Manuscripts" below.ģ7 For the ME version of this passage see Explanatory Note to 4.164. 20-39.ģ5 In a recent conference paper, Anne Savage has suggested that the anchoresses (particularly the three original sisters) collaborated with the male author in another way: the author may at times act as a biographer, recording the thoughts and meditations of the anchoresses themselves ("Writing and the Solitary Community: The Authorship of Ancrene Wisse," 34th International Congress on Medieval Studies, Kalamazoo, MI, May 1999. McDonnell, The Beguines and Beghards in Medieval Culture, pp. d'Avray, The Preaching of the Friars, pp. Augustine" in the New Catholic Encyclopedia.ģ0 See D. See Explanatory Notes to Pref.20 and 8.289.Ģ4 For a concise history of the Augustinian canons, see the article "Canons Regular of St. Dobson's attribution, though a brilliant piece of detective work, rests on somewhat shaky foundations. 7-13.Ģ2 As Dobson points out, Nero reads "as our lay ( leawude) brethren do" ( Origins, p. 79-84).Ģ1 See the discussion of authorship in Millett's indispensible bibliography: Ancrene Wisse, The Katherine Group, and The Wooing Group, pp. 53-54.ġ9 The anchorhold at Staindrop, though, had a fireplace (see Clay, pp. For Margery Kempe's description of her remarkable meeting with Julian of Norwich see Staley's edition of The Book of Margery Kempe, chapter 18, pp. 292-93).ġ7 For Christina's life, see Furlong's The Life of Christina of Markyate. Appendix 1 breaks down the figures by county (pp. Warren extrapolates this data from a variety of documents, though wills (with their frequent bequests to local anchorites) are often the richest sources. Clay gives the translation of an early sixteenth-century enclosure ceremony in Appendix A of her book The Hermits and Anchorites of England.ġ6 See p. Those glosses are designed to clarify the literal statement in the Middle English text and, if quoted without the original vocabulary, syntax, or immediate reference, are too clumsy for the context here.ġ5 See especially the chapter entitled "Enclosure and Rule," pp.
The translations here do not correspond word for word with the glosses at the foot of the text.
I have used translations of the Middle English text in the Introduction to facilitate ease of reading. 47.ġ1 Russell, The Lives of the Desert Fathers, p. An anecdote about Symeon the Stylite can be found in Ward's translation, The Sayings of the Desert Fathers, p. 107-08.Ħ Indeed, AW was translated into both these languages within a hundred and fifty years of its composition - a curious reversal of the usual direction of translation.ħ See Explanatory Notes to Pref.99-101 and 2.310.ġ0 For the account of John the Hermit, see Russell's translation of The Lives of the Desert Fathers, p.
#Ancrene riwle is a manual of instruction for full#
See the Select Bibliography for full reference.ĥ See " Hali Meiðhad, Sawles Warde, and the Continuity of English Prose," pp. 1 For a further discussion of the title, see Explanatory Note to Pref.1.Ģ See Explanatory Notes to 4.164 and 4.916 ff.ģ England the Nation, p.
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